1. What tools are used for spike maintenance?
: Removes damaged spikes.
: Manual or pneumatic.
: For screw spikes.
: Realigns spike holes.
2. What are the signs of spike failure?
(>5mm above sleeper).
in the spike shank.
due to loosening.
around spike holes.
3. How many spikes are used per rail section?
: 4 spikes per joint, 2 spikes per intermediate sleeper.
: Screw spikes at 1,600–2,000 units per km.
Exact counts depend on rail weight and traffic density.
4. What is the lifespan of railway spikes?
: 10–15 years (wooden sleepers).
: 20–25 years (concrete sleepers).
Lifespan reduces in corrosive environments by 30–50%.
5. How do spikes differ for curved vs. straight tracks?
: Higher spike density (every sleeper) and angled inward to resist lateral forces.
: Standard spacing (every other sleeper).
Outer rail spikes on curves may be reinforced.